1. All
logic students work hard. Some
individuals
who work hard are successful. Therefore, some logic students are
successful.
2.
Some logic students work hard. All
individuals
who work hard are successful. Therefore, some logic students are
successful.
(Ex)(Lx & Wx), (x)(Wx -> Sx) |-
(Ex)(Lx & Sx)
(Ex)(Lx & Wx)
(x)(Wx -> Sx)
~(Ex)(Lx & Sx)
(x)(Lx -> ~Sx)
La
Wa
Wa -> Sa
La -> ~Sa
/ \
~Wa Sa
x / \
~La ~Sa
x x
valid
3. No
students are lazy. Anyone lazy will
not do well. Therefore, every student will do
well.
(x)(Sx -> ~Lx), (x)(Lx -> ~Wx)
|- (x)(Sx -> Wx)
(x)(Sx -> ~Lx)
(x)(Lx -> ~Wx)
~(x)(Sx -> Wx)
(Ex)(Sx & ~Wx)
Sa
~Wa
Sa -> ~La
La -> ~Wa
/ \
~Sa ~La
x
/ \
~La ~Wa
invalid
4. No
students are lazy. Anyone not doing
well is lazy. Therefore, every student does
well.
5.
Every student is doing well. Anyone
lazy does not do well. Therefore, no students are
lazy.
(x)(Sx -> Wx), (x)(Lx -> ~Wx) |-
(x)(Sx -> ~Lx)
(x)(Sx
-> Wx)
(x)(Lx -> ~Wx)
~(x)(Sx -> ~Lx)
(Ex)(Sx & Lx)
Sa
La
Sa -> Wa
La -> ~Wa
/ \
~Sa Wa
x
/ \
~La ~Wa
x x
valid
A suggested exercise for practice on your
own: provide derivations for the three valid argument forms above.