Most honor students are ambitious, and everyone
ambitious takes some difficult courses. Anyone taking difficult
courses works hard. Therefore,
there are honor students who work hard.
Ex(Hx & Ax), Ax(Ax -> Ey(Dy & Txy)),
AxAy((Dy & Txy) -> Wx) |- Ex(Hx & Wx)
We are going to do this with a direct derivation.
1. Ex(Hx & Ax)
Ass
2. Ax((Ax -> Ey(Dy & Txy)
Ass
3. AxAy((Dy & Txy) -> Wx)
Ass
4. Ha & Aa
1 EQ elim (x=a) we
begin here to avoid trouble with the new name rule
5. Aa -> Ey(Dy & Tay)
2 UQ elim
6. Aa
4 & elim
7. Ey(Dy & Tay)
5,6 -> elim
8. Db & Tab
7 EQ elim (y=b)
9. Ay((Dy & Tay) -> Wa)
3 UQ elim
make sure you do this in two steps
10. (Db & Tab) -> Wa
9 UQ elim
11. Wa
9,10 -> elim
12. Ha
4 & elim
13. Ha & Wa
12 & int
14. Ex(Hx & Wx)
13 EQ int
Anyone not an honor student takes all easy
courses. Alice is taking courses that are not easy. Therefore,
Alice is
an honor student.
Ax(~Hx -> Ay(Txy -> Ey)), Ey(~Ey & Tay) |- Ha
Think of this first as though it read P
-> Q, ~Q |- ~P
You would be using the Contra rule, then eliminating
the inference connective.
Do this as a direct derivation on your own.
Then do it again as an indirect derivation.
Hint: you will need to make use of QN